Bibliotheca Alexandrina Information
The Bibliotheca Alexandrina or Maktabat al-Iskandarīyah (English: Library of Alexandria; Arabic: مكتبة الإسكندرية) is a major library and cultural center located on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea in the Egyptian city of Alexandria. It is both a commemoration of the Library of Alexandria that was lost in antiquity, and an attempt to rekindle something of the brilliance that this earlier center of study and erudition represented.
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History
Entrance to the library Mediterranean side of library Inside Bibliotheca Alexandrina Mirror of the Internet Archive in the Bibliotheca AlexandrinaThe idea of reviving the old library dates back to 1974, when a committee set up by Alexandria University selected a plot of land for its new library, between the campus and the seafront, close to where the ancient library once stood. The notion of recreating the ancient library was soon enthusiastically adopted by other individuals and agencies. One leading supporter of the project was former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak; UNESCO was also quick to embrace the concept of endowing the Mediterranean region with a center of cultural and scientific excellence. An architectural design competition, organized by UNESCO in 1988 to choose a design worthy of the site and its heritage, was won by Snøhetta, a Norwegian architectural office, from among more than 1,400 entries. At a conference held in 1990 in Aswan, the first pledges of funding for the project were made: USD $65 million, mostly from the Arab states. Construction work began in 1995 and, after some USD $220 million had been spent, the complex was officially inaugurated on October 16, 2002.[1]
The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is trilingual, containing books in Arabic, English and French. In 2010, the library received a generous donation of 500,000 books from the National Library of France, Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). The gift makes the Bibliotheca Alexandrina the sixth-largest Francophone library in the world. The BA also is now the largest depository of French books in the Arab world, surpassing those of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco, in addition to being the main French library in Africa.[2]
Building and library features
The dimensions of the project are vast: the library has shelf space for eight million books, with the main reading room covering 70,000 m² on eleven cascading levels. The complex also houses a conference center; specialized libraries for maps, multimedia, the blind and visually impaired, young people, and for children; four museums; four art galleries for temporary exhibitions; 15 permanent exhibitions; a planetarium; and a manuscript restoration laboratory. The library's architecture is equally striking. The main reading room stands beneath a 32-meter-high glass-panelled roof, tilted out toward the sea like a sundial, and measuring some 160 m in diameter. The walls are of gray Aswan granite, carved with characters from 120 different human scripts.
The collections at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina were donated from all over the world. The Spanish donated documents that detailed their period of Moorish rule. The French also donated, giving the library documents dealing with the building of the Suez Canal.
Bibliotheca Alexandrina maintains the only copy and external backup of the Internet Archive.
Library Services
Main Library
Specialized Libraries
Taha Hussein Library for the Blind and Visually Impaired
The Taha Hussein Library contains materials for the blind and visually impaired using special software that makes it possible for readers to read books and journals. It is named after Taha Hussein, the Egyptian poet and literary critic and one of the leading figures of the Arab Renaissance (Nahda) in literature, who was himself blinded at the age of three.
Nobel Section
Contains book collections of Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature from 1901 to present. The Nobel Section was inaugurated by Queen Silvia of Sweden and Queen Sonja of Norway on 24 April 2002.
Museums
Antiquities Museum
Manuscript Museum
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Sadat Museum
History of Science
Permanent Exhibitions
The World of Shadi Abdel Salam Exhibition
The World of Shadi Abdel Salam exhibit contains many of the works and effects of the Egyptian film director, screenwriter, and costume designer Shadi Abdel Salam, donated by his family to the Library to put on permanent display. This includes his personal library, some of his furniture, several awards, and many storyboard paintings and costumes from several of his films.
CULTURAMA
Main article: CULTNATThe culturama hall consists of a huge 180-degree panoramic interactive computer screen with a diameter of 10 meters that is made up of nine separate flat screens arranged in a semicircle and nine video projectors controlled by a single computer. Culturama has enabled the display of information that could never have been displayed clearly using a regular computer display system.[3]
It was developed by the Egyptian Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT) and holds its patent in 2007.
It displayed 3 periods from the history of Egypt:
- Ancient Egyptian Period
- Highlights of Islamic Civilization
- Modern Egypt
VISTA
Virtual Immersive Science and Technology Applications. It uses CAVE Technology. VISTA features several projects including
- BA Model: A complete virtual recreation of the BA including the Library’s main building, planetarium, study rooms…etc. and even the Library’s furniture will be seen clearly and accurately in this demo
- Sphinx
- Socio-Economic Data Visualization: A new visualization technique for multi-dimensional numerical data. The case study uses data provided by the UN. This data includes health care, life duration expectancy and literacy rate over a 25 year period in some countries.
Management
The current director is Ismail Serageldin. He also chairs the Boards of Directors for each of the BA's affiliated research institutes and museums and is a professor at Wageningen University in the Netherlands.
Post-Revolutionary Involvement
The Bibliotheca Alexandrina held a variety of symposiums in 2011 in support of the Egyptian community and emphasizing the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, the Egyptian Constitution and Democratic Government in Arab nations. The library also displays a photo gallery of the January 25, 2011 revolution and is working to document it in a wide variety of formats.[4]
Criticism
Criticism of the library comes chiefly from two angles. Many allege that the library is a white elephant impossible for modern Egypt to sustain, and serves as little more than a vanity project for the Egyptian government. Furthermore, there are fears that censorship, long the bane of Egyptian academia, would affect the library's collection.[5] In addition, the building's elaborate architecture (which imitates a rising Sun) upset some who believed too much money was being spent on construction rather than the library's actual collection. Due to the lack of available funds, the library had only 500,000 books in 2002, low compared to other national libraries. (However, in 2010 the library received an additional 500,000 books from the Bibliothèque nationale de France.) It has been estimated that it will take 80 years to fill the library to capacity at the current level of funding. The library relies heavily on donations to buy books for its collections.[6]
Gallery
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See also
References
- ^ Alexandrina
- ^ A Donation of Half Million Books from France to the BA, 01/12/2009, Bibliotheca Alexandrina
- ^ http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/unpan/unpan027883.pdf
- ^ Landgraf, Greg (2011). "How the Bibliotheca Alexandrina Is Supporting the 2011 Egyptian Revolution; American Libraries Magazine". americanlibrariesmagazine.org. http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/global-reach/how-bibliotheca-alexandrina-supporting-2011-egyptian-revolution. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ Bilboul, Roger (December 2002), "The Library of Alexandria Reopens", Information Today 19 (11): 26, http://www.infotoday.com/it/dec02/bilboul.htm
- ^ Watson, Bruce (April 2002), "Rising Sun" (–), Smithsonian 2002 (April), http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/rising.html
Further reading
- Watson, Bruce (April 2002). "Rising Sun". Smithsonian Magazine. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/rising.html. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
External links
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bibliotheca Alexandrina |
- Official website
- Bibliotheca Alexandrina Webcast
- Bibliotheca Alexandrina webarchive
- Portfolio of photographs of the complex
- Full Photo Collection of the Walls of Bibliotheca Alexandrina
- Bibliotheca Alexandrina: An Ancient Library Goes Modern (illustrated article)
- Bibliotheca Alexandrina video
- Wikimania 2008 venue description
- Friends of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina Mexico Association (official Mexican site)
- Highly illustrated page at Sacred Destinations
Coordinates: 31°12′32″N 29°54′33″E / 31.20889°N 29.90917°E
Categories:
- Bibliotheca Alexandrina
- Aga Khan Award for Architecture winners
- Alexandria
- Buildings and structures completed in 2002
- Non-governmental organizations of Africa
- World Digital Library
- Scientific revolution
- Ancient Alexandria in art and culture
- Egyptian architecture
- Modernist architecture
- Expressionist architecture
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